Aliphatic solvents

Aliphatic solvents are inert to most reaction conditions. They are however generally poor solvents and are immiscible with many other solvents which limits their use.

Physical properties
Solvent parameters (polarity scales and 2 part parameter sets)
Solvent parameters (3 part parameter sets)

Physical properties
Name	CAS Nr	Formula	Mw	Mp (°C)	Bp (°C)	ρ (g/ml)	Vapour pressure (Torr)	Evaporation rate (rel. ether)	Surface tension	Viscosity
butane	106-97-8	C₄H₁₀	58.12	-138	-1				12.5
pentane	109-66-0	C₅H₁₂	72.15	-129	36	0.626	420	1.0	15.5	0.2
hexane	110-54-3	C₆H₁₄	86.18	-95	69	0.659	124	1.4	17.9	0.3
heptane	142-82-5	C₇H₁₆	100.20	-91	98	0.684	36	3.0	20.3	0.4
octane	111-65-9	C₈H₁₈	114.23	-57	126	0.703	12		21.7	0.5
isooctane	540-84-1	C₈H₁₈	114.23	-107	99	0.692	41		18.8	0.5
nonane	111-84-2	C₉H₂₀	128.26	-53	151	0.718	4		22.9	0.7
dodecane	112-40-3	C₁₂H₂₆	170.34	-10	216	0.749				1.3
cyclohexane	110-82-7	C₆H₁₂	84.16	7	81	0.779	78	3.4	25.0	1.0
methylcyclohexane	108-87-2	C₇H₁₄	98.19	-126	101	0.770
cis-decalin	493-01-6	C₁₀H₁₈	138.25

Solvent parameters (1 or 2 part, polarity or acid-base, donor-acceptor)
Name	n_D	ε_r	ε⁰	ε⁰	E_T	Hildebrant	Snyder	Gutmann		Fawcett
			(Al₂O₃ )	(SiO₂ )		δ	P'	AN	DN	Ap	Bp
butane	1.3326	1.77
pentane	1.3575	1.84	0.0	0.0	31.1	7.0	0.0
hexane	1.3749	1.90	0.0	0.0	31.0	6.9	0.1	0.00	0.00
heptane	1.3876	1.92	0.0		31.1	7.5	0.1	0.00	0.00
octane	1.3950	1.96			31.1
isooctane	1.3914	1.94	0.0			7.4	0.1
nonane	1.4030	1.96
dodecane	1.4216	2.00			31.1
cyclohexane	1.4262	1.88	0.0	0.0	30.9	8.2	0.1		0.00
methylcyclohexane
cis-decalin

Solvent parameters (3 part, *e.g.* dispersion-acceptor-donor)
Name	Hansen			Snyder			Catalan
	δ_d	δ_p	δ_h	x_d	x_e	x_h	SPP	SB	SA
butane	6.9	0.0	0.0
pentane	7.1	0.0	0.0				0.51	0.07	0.00
hexane	7.3	0.0	0.0				0.52	0.06	0.00
heptane	7.5	0.0	0.0				0.53	0.08	0.00
octane	7.6	0.0	0.0				0.54	0.08	0.00
isooctane	7.0	0.0	0.0				0.53	0.04	0.00
nonane	7.7	0.0	0.0				0.55	0.05	0.00
dodecane	7.8	0.0	0.0				0.57	0.09	0.00
cyclohexane	8.2	0.0	0.1				0.56	0.07	0.00
methylcyclohexane	7.8	0.0	0.0				0.56	0.08	0.00
cis-decalin	8.8	0.0	0.0				0.60	0.06	0.00